AID TO READING "TO APHRODITE"

Aid to Reading of the Greek

This list will give you everything you need to starting reading the above poem.
If not familiar with the Greek chars. you can use the transliteration which will
match the word format in this list. Abbreviations are:

n nominative =subject
gen genitive =possessive
dat dative =to / for
acc accusative = object
voc vocative = direct address
adj adjective
masc masculine
fem feminine
neut neuter
cpd compound
imper imperative = an order
imperf imperfect = a semi-past tense
pf perfect = a completed last tense
mid middle voice of verb = like a reflexive ?
inner acc "accusative of the inner object, acc. of reference
inf infinitive
adv adverb
Aeol. Aeolic, Sappho's dialect
Att. Attic = standard Greek
-a stem 1 st Declension
-o stem 2 nd Declension
cons st consonant stem = 3 rd Decl
Missing aspiration in Aeolic
(..) Aeolic spelling
Words are in same order as you read the poem, working with a printout you can
read text and this list together. This avoids searching .
poikilo' many-colored = compound with next
thron' cpd. thron-ed = adj. -a (Attic cpds uses masc.only in .)
athanat' a+thanatos immortal = adj. (as above)
Aphrodita Vocative of fem a-stem, same a nom.
pai paid gen paidos child = Vocative
dios zeus, gen. dios (name not adj. dios)
doloploka dolos trick + plok-a weaving =fem. adj cpd; verb pleko
lissomai I beg = pres 1 sg (dictionary form !)
se you = acc sg
mé not = negative particle, long vowel
m'asaisi me acc sg of ego + asa grief = dat pl
med' mé not neg particle + de and particle
oniaisi onia (Attic ania in dict.) =dat pl
damna damna crush = pres imperative damnémi
potnia vocative fem -a stem
thumon thumos soul = acc sg. (as to)-o stem noun (inner acc.)
alla but
tuid' to this place, here
elth' elthe sg imperative : élthon (suppleted to erchomai)
ai if
pota pota ever (pote)
katerota kai and (even)+ heterota at another time
tas ho masc, gen tou, fem gen tas (Att. tés)
emas emos gen sg fem emas (emés)
audós auda (Att. audé) Aeolic gen sg
aioisa aió listen = -oisa (Att. ousa) pres ppl nom sg fem
peloi from afar
eklues, kluó hear = augmented impf / aor 3 sg
patros pataer patros father = gen sg
de ( ..... )
domon domos home = acc sg
lipoisa leipo leave = aor ppl (oisa / ousa) nom sg fem
chrusion chrusios golden = adj acc sg with domon (or arma)
elthes you came = aor 2 sg (cf imperat elthe supra)
arm' (h)arma armatos charios = cons. stem neuter acc sg
updeuxaisa. (h)upa up + zeug-numi yoke = aor. ppl nom sg fem.
kaloi kalos beautiful = adj nom pl masc
s'agon se you acc sg + agon led = imperfect 3 pl from ago
okees okus swift = cons decl.adj nom pl masc
strouthoi strouthos pigeon = nom pl masc -o- stem
peri over
gas ga (Att. gé) earth = fem -a stem, gen sg
melainas melas, fem. melaina = adj gen sg fem
pukna puknos dense = adj nom pl neuter -o- stem
dinnentes dinneo whirr = pres ppl nom pl masc
pter' pteron, plur ptera wing = acc pl neuter -o- stem
ap from
oranotheros compound: o(u)ranos heaven + aither -eros gen. sg
dia through
messo mes(s)os middle = gen sg Att -ou, Aeolic -ó
aipsa suddenly
d'exikonto, d' + ex-ikonto = 3 pl aor (h)ikneomai - middle verb
su su you (cf. se acc )
O Oh
makaira makar, fem makaira blessed = adj fem adj voc sg.
meidiaisas' meidiaó smile = aor ppl meidiasa n sg fem
athanato athanatos immortal (ut supra) adj dat sg
prosopoi prosopon face = dat sg -o stem
ere' ere(o) you asked ereomai = 2 sg aor middle vb
otti what ever
deute de + aute again, this time (autos same ) adv
popontha you suffered = pascho redup perf 2 sg -tha
kotti kai (h)otti
kalemmi Att. kaleó = Aeol. kalém(m)i =pres 1 sg
moi moi to me = dat sg to ego
malista most of all
thelo thelo / ethelo wish = 1 sg pres
genesthai gen - gignomai be, happen = aor. middle infinitive
mainolai mainolés , crazy = adj dat sg (subscript i in text)
thumoi thumos soul = dat sg (subscript i in text) -o stem
tina tis who, tina acc sg
deute ut supra
peithó God of Persuasion = nom / acc sg in ó (cf. Sapphó)
mais mao wish (rare = maomai) = 2 sg pres Aeol.
agen age(i)n ago lead = pres inf.,Aeol
es to
san = se you
philotata philos dear = superlative adj Voc fem sg
tis who?
s' se you
O Oh
Psapph' elided Psapph' = Sappho
adikeei a+dikeó harm cf. adikia injustice = 3 sg pres
kai and / even
gar !!
ai if
pheugei, pheugo flee = 3 sg pres
taxeos adv. quickly tachus adj
dióxei dioko follow = 3 sg fut
dora doron gift dora n. pl. = -o- stem
me not (eta)
deket' dechomai = Aeol dekomai receive = eto 3 sg pres midd
alla but
dosei didomi give dosei = 3 sg fut
mé not
philei phileo love = 3 sg pres
tacheos quickly adv
philesei phileo love = 3 sg fut
kouk kai and + ouk not
etheloisa ethelo wish =pres ppl n sg fem oisa = Att ousa
elthe come = imperat sg
moi to me dat sg
kai even
nun now
chalepan chalepos harsh = acc sg fem
luson luo release = aor imperat.
ek release..... (off -- split from ek-luson)
merimnan merimna worry = acc sg fem -a- stem
ossa what things = neut pl (h)os-tis
telessai teleo do, accomplish = aor inf
thumos soul n sg masc -o stem
imerrei (h)imeiro = Aeol. imerro desire = 3 sg pres
teleson teleo do = aor imperat
su you n sg
d'auta de + autos self, auta =nom sg fem
summachos adj. used as noun, ally (only masc form)
esso. eimi Aeol emmi be =aor imperat
Grammatical Review of the Aid Notes-------- next page
Grammatical Review of the Aid Notes

Grammar is elicited from examples of use, there are no paradigms in nature.
We learn from reading a large number of grammatical facts, which will
eventually fall into a pattern with a sense of "paradigmatic unity". Now reading
through a grammar quickly (Goodwin, Smyth...) we will have these as signposts
to tell you where we are. More reading of texts will fill out more grammar from
context, and this is the kind of live-grammar which you can use and will never
forget. The bold expressions are a summary of what we have dealt with in this
poem

adikeei a+dikeó harm cf. adikia injustice = 3 sg pres
agen age(i)n ago lead = pres inf.,Aeol
ai if
aioisa aió listen = -oisa (Att. ousa) pres ppl nom sg fem
aipsa adv suddenly
alla but
ap from
Aphrodita Vocative of fem a-stem, same a nom.
arm' (h)arma armatos chariot = cons. stem neut acc sg
updeuxaisa. (h)upa up + zeug=numi yoke = aor. ppl nom sg fem.
athanat' a+thanatos immortal = adj. (as above)
athanato athanatos iummortal (ut supra) dat sg
audós auda (Att. audé) Aeolic gen sg
chalepan chalepos harsh = adj acc sg fem
chrusion chrusios golden =acc sg with domon (or arma)
d'auta de + autos self, auta =nom sg fem
d'exikonto, d' + ex-ikonto = 3 pl aor (h)ikneomai - middle verb
damna damna crush = pres imperative damnémi
de (...... )
deket' dechomai = Aeol dekomai receive = eto 3 sg pres midd
deute
deute de + aute this time (autos same adj. --> adv usage)
deute ut supra
dia through
dinnentes dinneo whirr = pres ppl nom pl masc
dios zeus, gen. dios (name, not adj. dios)
dióxei dioko follow = 3 sg fut
doloploka dolos trick + plok-a weaving =fem. adj cpd, pleko
domon domos home = acc sg -o stem
dora doron gift dora = n. pl. -o- stem
dosei didomi give dosei = 3 sg fut mi verb
ek (release) off (split off tmesis from ek-luson)
eklues kluó hear = augmented impf aor 2 sg
elth' elthe sg imperative : élthon (suppleted to erchomai)
elthe come = imperat sg
elthes you came aor 2 sg (cf imperat elthe supra)
emas emos person adj gen sg fem emnas (emés)
ere' ere(o) you asked ereomai = 2 sg aor middle vb
es to
esso. eimi Aeol emmi be =aor imperat
etheloisa ethelo wish =pres ppl oisa = Att ousa
gar !!
gas ga (Att. gé) earth = -a stem,gen sg fem
genesthai gen - gignomai be, happen = aor. middle infinitive
imerrei (h)imeiro = imerro desire = 3 sg pres
kai and / even
kalemmi Att. kaleó = Aeol. kalém(m)i = pres 1 sg
kaloi kalos beautiful = adj nom pl masc
katerota kai and (even)+ heterota at another time
kotti kai (h)otti
kouk kai and + ouk not
lipoisa leipo leave = aor ppl (oisa / ousa) nom sg fem
lissomai I beg = pres 1 sg middle (dictionary form !)
luson luo release = aor imperat.
m'asaisi me acc sg of ego + asa grief =dat pl -a stem
mainolai mainolés , crazy = adj dat sg cons stem adj(subscript i)
mais mao wish (rare = maomai) = 2 sg Aeol.
makaira makar, fem makaira blessed = fem adj voc sg.
malista most of all
me not (eta)
mé not = negative particle, long vowel
med' mé not , neg particle + de and particle
meidiaisas' meidiaó smile = aor ppl meidiasa n sg fem
melainas melas, fem. melaina = adj gen sg fem
merimnan merimna worry = acc sg fem -a- stem
messo mes(s)os middle = gen sg Att -ou, Aeolic -ó
moi moi to me =dat sg to ego
nun now
O Oh
okees okus swift = cons decl. adj nom pl masc
oniaisi onia (Attic ania in dict.) =dat pl -a stem
oranotheros compound: o(u)ranos heaven + aither -eros gen. sg
ossa what things = neut pl (h)os-tis
otti what ever
pai pais, gen paidos child = Vocative cons stem
patros pater patros father = gen sg cons stem
peitho God Persuasion = nom / acc sg in ó (cf. Sappho)
peloi from afar
peri over
pheugei, pheugo flee = 3 sg pres
philei phileo love = 3 sg pres
philesei phileo love = 3 sg fut
philotata philos dear = superlative adj Voc fem sg
poikilo' many-colored = compound with thron(a)
popontha you suffered = pascho redup perf 2 sg -tha
pota pota ever (pote)
potnia Vocative fem -a stem
prosopoi prosopon face = dat sg -o stem
Psapph' elided Psapph' = Sappho
pter' pteron, plur ptera wing = acc pl neuter -o- stem
pukna puknos dense = adj nom pl neuter -o- stem
s' se you acc sg pron
s'agon se you acc sg + agon led = imperfect 3 pl ago
san =se you
se you = acc sg pronoun
strouthoi strouthos pigeon = nom pl masc -o- stem
su su you n sg pronoun(cf. se acc )
summachos adj. used as noun, ally (only amsc form)
tacheos quickly adv in ós
tas ho, article masc gen tou, fem gen tas (Att. tés)
taxeos adv. quickly tachus adj
teleson teleo do =aor imperat
telessai teleo do, accomplish = aor inf
thelo thelo / ethelo wish = 1 sg pres
thron' cpd. thron-ed = adj. -a (Attic uses masc. in cpds.)
thumoi thumos soul = dat sg (subscript i in text) -o stem
thumon thumos soul =acc sg. (as to)-o stem noun ( =inner acc.)
thumos soul n sg masc
tina tis whom, tina acc sg
tis who?
tuid' to this place, here


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